In a significant development for the U.S. immigration system, the Department of Justice has announced the appointment of 36 new immigration judges to its Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR). This cohort, which includes 25 temporary judges, represents the first wave of new hires following a period marked by substantial judicial layoffs and resignations. The move is poised to strengthen the immigration court system, particularly in regions that experienced the most severe staffing shortages.
The newly appointed judges are set to assume their roles in courts across 16 states. Among these are locations such as Chelmsford, Massachusetts, and Chicago, Illinois, which had previously faced considerable reductions in judicial personnel. This strategic deployment underscores a concerted effort to revitalize the EOIR's adjudicatory capabilities and reinforce its commitment to legal principles. The Justice Department emphasized that these additions would contribute to upholding the rule of law within immigration proceedings.
The backgrounds of the permanent judges within this new group are primarily rooted in federal government service, with many having worked for the EOIR itself or the Department of Homeland Security. Their prior experience includes training Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection agents, serving as asylum officers, and working within ICE's legal division. Notably, one of the appointees had been slated to join earlier in the year but was affected by previous dismissals, highlighting the fluctuating landscape of immigration judicial appointments.
The inclusion of military lawyers from various branches—Marines, Navy, Army, and Air Force—among the temporary judges marks a notable shift. This follows a recent authorization by the Pentagon for approximately 600 military legal professionals to contribute to the Justice Department's efforts. The criteria for temporary immigration judges were also revised, effectively broadening the pool of eligible candidates by relaxing previous requirements for immigration law experience. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to accelerate the processing of cases and alleviate the extensive backlogs that have plagued immigration courts.
Immigration judges hold a critical role, possessing the authority to revoke green cards or issue final removal orders for individuals in the country for more than two years who are facing deportation. Their professional histories are diverse, ranging from previous work with ICE's legal department to advocacy for immigrant defense nonprofits or private legal practices. Some even enter the field without direct prior experience in immigration law, underscoring the varied pathways to this specialized judiciary.
The new judicial class recently completed their training at the EOIR headquarters in Virginia and are expected to commence hearing immigration cases imminently. This onboarding occurs even as immigration courts have continued to function amidst a government shutdown, demonstrating the ongoing operational demands placed on the system. The Trump administration's aggressive immigration policies, characterized by increased arrests of undocumented immigrants and expanded detention and deportation efforts, have significantly contributed to a backlog of millions of cases within these courts.
Over the past ten months, the EOIR has experienced a loss of over 125 judges, attributed to both dismissals and voluntary departures. This reduction from an initial count of approximately 700 judges at the beginning of the year has led to considerable delays, with some immigration cases being postponed until as late as 2029. Despite open recruitment for these judicial roles, vacancies have persisted. Earlier in the year, Congress approved a spending bill that allocated more than $3 billion to the Justice Department, specifically earmarking funds for immigration-related activities, including the hiring of additional immigration judges, in an attempt to address these pressing challenges.